Parallel Cinema / Photo Credit: Slideshare - Parallel Cinema
WHAT IS PARALLEL CINEMA? (In the
Entertainment industry.)
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What is Parallel Cinema?
Parallel cinema was a film movement in Indian cinema
that originated in the state of West Bengal in the 1950s as an alternative to
the mainstream commercial Indian cinema, represented especially by popular
Hindi cinema, known today as Bollywood.
Inspired by Italian Neorealism, Parallel Cinema began
just before the French New Wave and Japanese New Wave, and was a precursor to
the Indian New Wave of the 1960s. The movement was initially led by Bengali
cinema and produced internationally acclaimed filmmakers such as Satyajit Ray,
Mrinal Sen, Ritwik Ghatak, Tapan Sinha and others. It later gained prominence
in other film industries of India and Bangladesh.
It is known for its serious content, realism and
naturalism, symbolic elements with a keen eye on the sociopolitical climate of
the times, and for the rejection of inserted dance-and-song routines that are
typical of mainstream Indian films.
Realism in Indian cinema dates back to the 1920s and
1930s. One of the earliest examples was Baburao Painter's 1925 silent film
classic Savkari Pash (Indian Shylock), about a poor peasant (portrayed by V.
Shantaram) who "loses his land to a greedy moneylender and is forced to
migrate to the city to become a mill worker. Acclaimed as a realistic
breakthrough, its shot of a howling dog near a hut, has become a milestone in
the march of Indian cinema." The 1937 Shantaram film Duniya Na Mane (The
Unaccepted) also critiqued the treatment of women in Indian society.
The Parallel Cinema movement began to take shape from
the late 1940s to the 1965, by pioneers such as Satyajit Ray, Ritwik Ghatak,
Bimal Roy, Mrinal Sen, Tapan Sinha, Khwaja Ahmad Abbas, Buddhadeb Dasgupta,
Chetan Anand, Guru Dutt and V. Shantaram. This period is considered part of the
'Golden Age' of Indian cinema. This cinema borrowed heavily from the Indian
literature of the times, hence became an important study of the contemporary
Indian society, and is now used by scholars and historians alike to map the
changing demographics and socio-economic as well as political temperament of
the Indian populace. Right from its inception, Indian cinema has had people who
wanted to and did use the medium for more than entertainment. They used it to
highlight prevalent issues and sometimes to throw open new issues for the
public.
References & Credits: Google, Wikipedia, Wikihow, WikiBooks,
Pinterest, IMDB, Linked In, Indie Wire, Film Making Stuff, Hiive, History
Channel, Film Daily, New York Film Academy, The Balance, Careers Hub, The
Numbers, Film Maker, TV Guide Magazine, Blurb, Media Match, Quora, Creative
Skill Set, Chron, Investopedia, Variety, No Film School, WGA, BBC, Daily
Variety, The Film Agency, Best Sample Resume, How Stuff Works, Studio Binder, Career
Trend, Producer's Code of Credits, Truity, Production Hub, Producers Guild of
America, Film Connection, Variety, Wolf Crow, Get In Media, Production Beast, Sony
Pictures, Warner Bros, UCAS, Frankenbite, Realty 101, Careers Hub, Screen Play Scripts,
Elements of Cinema, Script Doctor, ASCAP, Film Independent, Any Possibility, CTLsites,
NYFA, Future Learn, VOM Productions, Mad Studios, Rewire, DP School, Film
Reference, DGA, IATSE, ASC, MPAA, HFPA, MPSE, CDG, AFI, Box Office Mojo, Rotten
Tomatoes, Indie Film Hustle, The Numbers, Netflix, Vimeo, Instagram, Pinterest,
Metacritic, Hulu, Reddit, NATO, Mental Floss, Slate, Locations Hub, Film
Industry Statistics, Guinness World Records, The Audiopedia
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Parallel Cinema / Photo Credit: Slideshare - Parallel Cinema
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